Chronic toxicity of metals in two water hardness to three sizes of the crayfish Faxonius quadruncus Missouri, USA 2017-2018
Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the effect of water hardness and age of crayfish on the toxicity of environment-based metals mixture. Additionally, the effects of chronic exposure to a metals mixture to egg development in adult F. quadruncus were assessed.  Mortality and growth of F. quadruncus were …